Haris Riyaz

In the world of blockchains, speed and fairness are super important. But many blockchains have a problem: they don’t agree on the order of transactions fast enough. That’s where Shared Sequencer Networks come in. Let’s break it down in a simple way. What Is a Sequencer? A

In Web3, it’s hard to know who to trust. People use wallets instead of names, and there are no easy ways to check someone’s history. That’s where onchain reputation systems come in — they help build trust on the blockchain. Why Reputation Matters in Web3 In real life,

As more apps move to rollups like Arbitrum, Optimism, and zkSync, users face a new problem: How do you move money between them easily? That’s where Cross-Rollup Liquidity Routing comes in — a way to send tokens across different rollups, instantly and safely, without going back to Ethereum mainnet. Why

Before we talk about Consensus Translation Layers, let’s understand the word "consensus" in blockchain. In simple terms, consensus is how blockchain nodes agree on what happened—like who sent how much money to whom. Bitcoin uses a method called Proof of Work to reach this agreement. Every

The Inter-Blockchain Communication (IBC) protocol lets different blockchains talk to each other. But for this communication to happen smoothly, there needs to be someone in the middle making sure the messages get delivered. That "someone" is called a Relayer. Let’s break down how relayers work and how

In blockchains, every transaction is stored as data. For a Rollup (a type of Layer 2 scaling solution), it's super important that this data is available to everyone. Why? Because if users or validators can’t see the data, they can’t verify if the Rollup is behaving