Finality means the point at which a blockchain transaction is locked in forever — no more reversals, no rollbacks, no “oops.” Some blockchains achieve finality in a few seconds. Others need minutes or even hours. The difference comes down to probabilistic finality vs. instant finality. Probabilistic Finality This is used by

Introduction Security remains one of the most pressing challenges for the Web3 industry. Despite rapid innovation in decentralized finance (DeFi), NFTs, and blockchain gaming, centralized exchanges (CEXs) continue to be attractive targets for cybercriminals. The recent $49 million exploit of BtcTurk, Turkey’s leading cryptocurrency exchange, has reignited concerns about

Introduction Decentralized finance (DeFi) has grown from a niche experiment in 2020 into a multi-billion-dollar ecosystem. In 2025, DeFi is poised to enter its institutional phase. Enterprises, banks, and financial institutions are beginning to adopt blockchain-based finance, while new cross-chain technologies are making it possible to move assets and data

Two buzzwords walk into a blockchain: Zero-Knowledge proofs (ZK) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). One promises privacy, integrity, and verifiable computation; the other brings prediction, automation, and intelligence. On their own, each has been hailed as the “next big thing” in tech. But when paired together, and plugged into the ever-expanding