Blockchain Foundations

Introduction: A New Scientific Revolution Imagine science without institutions, no centralized hierarchies, peer-review gatekeepers, or paywalls. Instead, picture decentralized networks and autonomous AI agents collaborating in a global knowledge ecosystem. That’s DeScAI: the radical merge of decentralized science (DeSci) and artificial intelligence. It’s rewriting the rules of how

What is Quantum Resistance? Quantum resistance means protecting blockchains from future quantum computers. These powerful computers can break current cryptographic systems that keep blockchains secure. So, we need to prepare for a time when quantum computers become real and common. Why is Blockchain Security Important? Blockchains use cryptography (a kind

Introduction If there’s one white-hot corner in crypto right now, it’s zkVMs. “The pace of progress is mind‑blowing,” says Ethereum Foundation’s Justin Drake. Today, we’re tearing down barriers with Zetta, the world’s first FPGA-based zkVM accelerator for SP1 Cranking proof generation to 20× faster

Introduction Bitcoin has long been dubbed “digital gold,” but what if it could also compute? Thanks to the new $BLAKE3-optimized SP1 zkVM and the innovative BitVM paradigm, Bitcoin is stepping into the future, allowing trust-minimised smart contracts and ZK-enabled apps, all without altering the base layer. This is a game-changer.

In 2025, institutional investors are no longer sitting on the sidelines of digital assets. The dramatic debut of Circle Internet Group—issuer of USD Coin (USDC)—on the New York Stock Exchange was more than a financial triumph; it was a turning point in the institutional embrace of stablecoins. With