Blockchain Foundations

Ethereum continues to develop at a rapid pace. The next major update after Dencun will be Pectra, a merger of two proposals: Prague (for the execution layer) and Electra (for the consensus layer). This update promises not only to optimize the network, but also to significantly expand the capabilities for

Ethereum's highly anticipated Pectra upgrade is now officially live, marking one of the network’s most significant improvements since the Merge. This latest update introduces smarter wallets, increased staking limits, reduced gas fees, and much more. Here's everything you need to know about this milestone development.

Bitcoin Runes is an innovative system that enables the creation of fungible tokens directly on the Bitcoin network. Built on Bitcoin’s existing infrastructure, it allows users to generate tokens without relying on external protocols. What is the Purpose of Runes? Bitcoin Runes relies on two key components of the

In the world of crypto, the term "airdrop" is an exciting opportunity for many. Token distributions by new projects offer users a chance to earn crypto without any payment. However, behind these tempting offers lies a major threat: airdrop scams. In this article, we'll explain how

Blockchain networks are the cornerstone of rapidly developing digital systems. However, network congestion, which exceeds the transaction capacity, can hinder the efficient operation of these systems. Blockchain network congestion becomes apparent especially when there are high transaction demands. In this article, we will explore what blockchain network congestion is, how

In recent years, zero knowledge proofs (ZKPs) have emerged as one of the most transformative breakthroughs in cryptography.  It emphasizes the ability to verify information without revealing the underlying data.  This opens new frontiers in privacy, trust, and scalability particularly within blockchain and decentralized applications. Yet despite their potential, ZKPs