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Blockchain Foundations

DeFi as a Settlement Layer: How the Next Cycle Will Bypass CeFi Entirely

DeFi as a Settlement Layer: How the Next Cycle Will Bypass CeFi Entirely

Abstract Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is rapidly evolving beyond its initial disruptive phase to becoming a core settlement infrastructure underpinning global financial markets. This article explores how the next cycle in finance will see DeFi bypass traditional Centralized Finance (CeFi) entirely, acting as the backend for global trade and capital flows.

The Layer 2 Liquidity Puzzle: Can DeFi Thrive Without Interop?

The Layer 2 Liquidity Puzzle: Can DeFi Thrive Without Interop?

The decentralized finance (DeFi) space is experiencing a Layer 2 (L2) boom. Solutions like Base, Blast, Linea, and ZKSync promise enhanced scalability and reduced fees, critical factors for mass adoption. Yet, this rising star, the L2 ecosystem, brings an increasing headache: liquidity fragmentation. Liquidity once centralized mainly on Ethereum Layer

Modular DeFi Legos: Building Protocols on Rollups, Not Chains

Modular DeFi Legos: Building Protocols on Rollups, Not Chains

Introduction The decentralized finance (DeFi) landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, moving away from traditional monolithic protocols on Layer 1 (L1) blockchains to a more modular approach that leverages rollups. This shift is characterized by the emergence of innovative projects like Rollkit, Eclipse, and Dymension, which enable developers to build

Ethereum Pectra Update: What Will It Bring, Comprehensive Analysis, Possible Solutions

Ethereum Pectra Update: What Will It Bring, Comprehensive Analysis, Possible Solutions

Coming on the heels of the successful Dencun rollout, the Ethereum Pectra upgrade represents the next significant step in the evolution of Ethereum. It combines improvements from two proposals, Prague (for execution) and Electra (for consensus), hence the name “Pectra.” The upgrade aims to increase network flexibility, improve developer UX,

Interoperability: The Future of Cross-Chain Blockchain

3mins read In the fast-paced world of cryptocurrency, interoperability is shaping the future of blockchain technology. As of May 2025, the ability of different blockchains to communicate and share assets is known as cross-chain interoperability, is breaking down barriers between networks like Ethereum, Solana, and Binance Smart Chain. Why Interoperability

Unpacking Blockchain's Engines: A Comprehensive Look at Virtual Machines

Unpacking Blockchain's Engines: A Comprehensive Look at Virtual Machines

Virtual Machines (VMs) are the execution engines of blockchain. They process smart contracts, enforce logic deterministically across nodes, and ultimately determine how developers interact with decentralized systems. Much like how physical engines define the power and performance of vehicles, blockchain VMs define throughput, safety, and programmability for chains. This article

Ethereum’s Pectra Upgrade: What It Means for Developers, Investors, and Validators

Ethereum’s Pectra Upgrade: What It Means for Developers, Investors, and Validators

Introduction Ethereum isn’t standing still — it’s evolving. Since The Merge and the Shanghai upgrade, Ethereum has been in a relentless phase of refinement. Each upgrade brings us closer to a network that’s faster, more secure, and more scalable not just in theory, but in practice. And now,