Blockchain Foundations

Zero-Knowledge proofs (ZK proofs) have long been a niche technology used primarily for privacy. However, in the last two years, they have begun to play a much more important role, both in scaling blockchains and in building trusted computing. ZK’s potential is especially evident in two areas: decentralized finance

1. Part 1: The Fundamental Concepts Welcome to the world of cross-chain technologies! If you've ever felt lost in a sea of complex terms like "interoperability," "wrapped tokens," or "AVS," don't worry – you're not alone. This space is

In the Web3 world, we often hear about decentralizing blockchains and protocols. But what about the websites and apps we use to interact with them? Many “decentralized” apps (dApps) still rely on centralized frontends—that means the website or interface can be shut down or censored, even if the smart

Crypto has come a long way.  We’ve seen smart contracts, scalable rollups, real-world assets, and even frog-themed memecoins hit center stage, but there’s still one big thing holding the space back, and that’s usability. Even in 2025, most crypto apps still feel like using the internet in

FAFO Speed on 96-Core Computer FAFO System Architecture Mempool Input Transactions ParaLyze Parallel ParaLyze Parallel ParaLyze Analyzed Data Flow ParaFramer & ParaBloom Grouped Transactions ParaScheduler Block Stream Finalized Blocks Note: Dropped transactions return to the Mempool for rescheduling. Algorithm 1: Greedy Frame-Packing (In Simpler terms ) Start with empty groups For

Many projects undergo rigorous security audits before launching their smart contracts or decentralized applications (dApps). However, passing a security audit does not mean that a project is immune to attacks. Some of the most high-profile Web3 exploits have targeted projects that had already passed through security assessments. The Limitations of